![]() The typical symptoms of cauliflower-like galls could develop on all meristematic tissues of potato except roots. Presently, the geographical distribution of this pathogen includes almost all European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) countries, Asia, North and South America as well as Oceania (New Zealand). The fungus originates from the Andean zones of South America, from where it spread first to Europe in the late of the nineteenth century. Synchytrium endobioticum is a soil-borne biotrophic fungus causing potato wart disease of cultivated potato. The increasing importance of early blight in potatoes is due to a number of factors. Therefore, the control of early blight will be a considerable challenge in the future. In many countries the occurrence of SDHI and QoI mutants is reported. The loss in sensitivity towards succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) and Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides are caused by different point mutations. But there is a loss in sensitivity toward two groups of fungicides described. The disease is primarily controlled by the use of cultural practices (to reduce the soil born inoculum), less susceptible cultivars and the use of pesticides. Integrated pest management to control early blight requires the implementation of several approaches. solani, the disease can cause considerable yield losses. In susceptible potato cultivars in particular, as well as in locations (especially in warmer areas) with increased occurrence of A. Typical symptoms on the leaves are dark brown to black spots with concentric rings (target spot). Early blight can be found in most potato-growing countries. The fungus Alternaria solani is the main pathogen causing early blight on potatoes. infestans include the role of the pathogen–microbiota interaction in promotion or suppression of the disease, as well as the metabolism of P. New solutions being developed to manage late blight include, among others, smart phone-based decision support systems linked to portable molecular diagnostics kits that can disseminate disease information rapidly to a large number of farmers. Fungicides remain as the most common tactic for late blight management, but environmental considerations are increasing the pressure to use host resistance, sanitation, and other measures. infestans populations is critical for the design of effective management strategies. Phytophthora infestans evolves continuously, mainly through recombination and migration from other areas. High humidity and mild temperatures are essential for disease development and, under optimal conditions, the disease can destroy a field in a few days. Symptoms of the disease can be seen in leaves (water-soaked light to dark brown spots), stems (brown spots), and tubers (slightly depressed areas with reddish-brown color). Annual losses have been estimated to be about €6.1 billion, with major consequences to food security, especially in developing countries. Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, continues to be the main biotic constraint of potato production. ![]() This chapter discusses the major potato diseases worldwide: late blight, early blight, wart, and powdery scab. ![]()
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